在Python中，类比于pymysql包连接MySQL数据库，可以利用impala包的impala.dbapi连接Hive数据库，建立起来的连接和游标cursor.execute(sql)之后，后续查询操作基本上与pymysql相似。所需要的库的安装过程如下：

参考：

安装环境：Ubuntu20.04 LTS

按以下步骤来安装即可：

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pip install six
pip install bit_array
pip install thriftpy
apt-get install python-dev libsasl2-dev gcc
pip install thrift_sasl
pip install impyla

其中apt-get install python-dev libsasl2-dev gcc是为了解决在pip install thrift_sasl中需要编译而缺少相应软件产生的如下报错（Windows系统可参考这里）：

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Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
Collecting thrift_sasl
  Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/73/d3/588654faef5511afadc1a091d32fcdbb24ae5f2d90b380874aee68a717f9/thrift_sasl-0.4.2.tar.gz
Collecting thrift>=0.10.0 (from thrift_sasl)
  Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/97/1e/3284d19d7be99305eda145b8aa46b0c33244e4a496ec66440dac19f8274d/thrift-0.13.0.tar.gz (59kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 61kB 684kB/s 
Collecting sasl>=0.2.1 (from thrift_sasl)
  Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/8e/2c/45dae93d666aea8492678499e0999269b4e55f1829b1e4de5b8204706ad9/sasl-0.2.1.tar.gz
Collecting six>=1.13.0 (from thrift_sasl)
  Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/65/eb/1f97cb97bfc2390a276969c6fae16075da282f5058082d4cb10c6c5c1dba/six-1.14.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Building wheels for collected packages: thrift-sasl, thrift, sasl
  Building wheel for thrift-sasl (setup.py) ... done
  Created wheel for thrift-sasl: filename=thrift_sasl-0.4.2-cp37-none-any.whl size=4010 sha256=d9aff46bdb4423f147da5e2809198b9feff9d54259b627c6b6d716640b3cc842
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/92/22/93/59527f7435acb500da2c80d4eb038377e752009fa47e842fba
  Building wheel for thrift (setup.py) ... done
  Created wheel for thrift: filename=thrift-0.13.0-cp37-cp37m-linux_x86_64.whl size=414111 sha256=113f6ddd0744dea046e5d8764c5858c9d397ca9d910004719662e6ccda1c9792
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/dc/f4/14/0cd659ffc6431d0a24534f04087f6239494daf4fb3531c542a
  Building wheel for sasl (setup.py) ... error
  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
   command: /home/cuper/anaconda3/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-zp2a5lr8/sasl/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-zp2a5lr8/sasl/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d /tmp/pip-wheel-fc4awf9y --python-tag cp37
       cwd: /tmp/pip-install-zp2a5lr8/sasl/
  Complete output (30 lines):
  running bdist_wheel
  running build
  running build_py
  creating build
  creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7
  creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/sasl
  copying sasl/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/sasl
  running egg_info
  writing sasl.egg-info/PKG-INFO
  writing dependency_links to sasl.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
  writing requirements to sasl.egg-info/requires.txt
  writing top-level names to sasl.egg-info/top_level.txt
  reading manifest file 'sasl.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
  reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
  writing manifest file 'sasl.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
  copying sasl/saslwrapper.cpp -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/sasl
  copying sasl/saslwrapper.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/sasl
  copying sasl/saslwrapper.pyx -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/sasl
  running build_ext
  building 'sasl.saslwrapper' extension
  creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7
  creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/sasl
  gcc -pthread -B /home/cuper/anaconda3/compiler_compat -Wl,--sysroot=/ -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -Isasl -I/home/cuper/anaconda3/include/python3.7m -c sasl/saslwrapper.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/sasl/saslwrapper.o
  cc1plus: warning: command line option ‘-Wstrict-prototypes’ is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++
  In file included from sasl/saslwrapper.cpp:254:
  sasl/saslwrapper.h:22:10: fatal error: sasl/sasl.h: 没有那个文件或目录
     22 | #include <sasl/sasl.h>
        |          ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
  compilation terminated.
  error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
  ----------------------------------------
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for sasl
  Running setup.py clean for sasl
Successfully built thrift-sasl thrift
Failed to build sasl
ERROR: astroid 2.3.1 requires typed-ast<1.5,>=1.4.0; implementation_name == "cpython" and python_version < "3.8", which is not installed.
ERROR: astroid 2.3.1 has requirement six==1.12, but you'll have six 1.14.0 which is incompatible.
Installing collected packages: six, thrift, sasl, thrift-sasl
  Found existing installation: six 1.12.0
    Uninstalling six-1.12.0:
      Successfully uninstalled six-1.12.0
  Running setup.py install for sasl ... error
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: /home/cuper/anaconda3/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-zp2a5lr8/sasl/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-zp2a5lr8/sasl/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-fm0zp25n/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile
         cwd: /tmp/pip-install-zp2a5lr8/sasl/
    Complete output (30 lines):
    running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/sasl
    copying sasl/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/sasl
    running egg_info
    writing sasl.egg-info/PKG-INFO
    writing dependency_links to sasl.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
    writing requirements to sasl.egg-info/requires.txt
    writing top-level names to sasl.egg-info/top_level.txt
    reading manifest file 'sasl.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
    reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
    writing manifest file 'sasl.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
    copying sasl/saslwrapper.cpp -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/sasl
    copying sasl/saslwrapper.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/sasl
    copying sasl/saslwrapper.pyx -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/sasl
    running build_ext
    building 'sasl.saslwrapper' extension
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/sasl
    gcc -pthread -B /home/cuper/anaconda3/compiler_compat -Wl,--sysroot=/ -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -Isasl -I/home/cuper/anaconda3/include/python3.7m -c sasl/saslwrapper.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/sasl/saslwrapper.o
    cc1plus: warning: command line option ‘-Wstrict-prototypes’ is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++
    In file included from sasl/saslwrapper.cpp:254:
    sasl/saslwrapper.h:22:10: fatal error: sasl/sasl.h: 没有那个文件或目录
       22 | #include <sasl/sasl.h>
          |          ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
    compilation terminated.
    error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /home/cuper/anaconda3/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-zp2a5lr8/sasl/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-zp2a5lr8/sasl/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-fm0zp25n/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile Check the logs for full command output.

安装完成后测试Python代码：

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from impala.dbapi import connect

无报错证明安装成功，即可实现通过Python连接Hive数据库。